Sarvatobhadra Sloka in 6th century Samskritam epic Kirātārjunīya composed by Bhāravi "good from every direction". The phrase remains the same when you read the verse in all directions. German translation here.
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The Shishupala Vadha is also one of the most metrically complex poems ever constructed. Take this verse, for example.
This is a palindrome that can be read back-to-front, both horizontally and vertically.
“[That army], which relished battle contained allies who brought low the bodes and gaits of their various striving enemies, and in it the cries of the best of mounts contended with musical instruments.”
Other verses can be rearranged to contain hidden messages when read in the form of a lightning bolt, or a drum, for instance.
This is called the most complex and exquisite type of palindrome ever invented called sarvatobhadra, perfect in every direction.
सकारनानारकास-
कायसाददसायका ।
रसाहवा वाहसार-
नादवाददवादना ॥ sakāranānārakāsa-
kāyasādadasāyakā
rasāhavā vāhasāra-
nādavādadavādanā. | | sa | kā | ra | nā | nā | ra | kā | sa | | kā | ya | sā | da | da | sā | ya | kā | | ra | sā | ha | vā | vā | ha | sā | ra | | nā | da | vā | da | da | vā | da | nā | | (and the lines reversed) | | nā | da | vā | da | da | vā | da | nā | | ra | sā | ha | vā | vā | ha | sā | ra | | kā | ya | sā | da | da | sā | ya | kā | | sa | kā | ra | nā | nā | ra | kā | sa |
|
This famous verse, when arranged like a wheel, has the message "This is the Shishupala Vadha, a poem by Magha" hidden in its spokes.
सत्वं मानविशिष्टमाजिरभसादालम्ब्य भव्यः पुरो
लब्धाघक्षयशुद्धिरुद्धरतरश्रीवत्सभूमिर्मुदा ।
मुक्त्वा काममपास्तभीः परमृगव्याधः स नादं हरे-
रेकौघैः समकालमभ्रमुदयी रोपैस्तदा तस्तरे ॥
There are also stanzas written using only one consonant, just to show off:
“Sri Krishna, the giver of every boon, the scourge of the evil-minded, the purifier, the one whose arms can annihilate the wicked who cause suffering to others, shot his pain-causing arrow at the enemy.”
दाददो दुद्ददुद्दादी दाददो दूददीददोः ।
दुद्दादं दददे दुद्दे दादाददददोऽददः ॥
dādado duddaduddādī dādado dūdadīdadoḥ
duddādaṃ dadade dudde dādādadadado’dadaḥ
(Translation:- Sri Krishna, the giver of every boon, the scourge of the evil-minded, the purifier, the one whose arms can annihilate the wicked who cause suffering to others, shot his pain-causing arrow at the enemy.)
44th stanza: each line a palindrome
वारणागगभीरा सा साराभीगगणारवा ।
कारितारिवधा सेना नासेधा वारितारिका ॥
Palindrome
“It is very difficult to face this army which is endowed with elephants as big as mountains. This is a very great army and the shouting of frightened people is heard. It has slain its enemies.”
तं श्रिया घनयानस्तरुचा सारतया तया ।
यातया तरसा चारुस्तनयानघया श्रितं ॥
88th stanza: the two lines are reverse of each other. Called pratiloma (or gatapratyāgata).
The entire 16th chapter, in which Shishupala sends a message to Krishna, can be interpreted in two ways: a humble apology, or a declaration of war:
“I am enraged by not having the chance to pay Krishna what he deserves,” Shishupala says.
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Another Samskritam palindrome Sloka composed by scholar Dyvagyna Surya Pandita in the 14th Century.
तं भूसुतामुक्तिमुदारहासं वन्दे यतो भव्यभवं दयाश्रीः ||१||
श्रीयादवं भव्यभतोयदेवं संहारदामुक्तिमुतासुभूतं ||२||
The 1st line glorifies Rama, when read in reverse (2nd line) glorifies Krishna.
First Line: I bow to the grand Avatara who freed Sita, with deep laughter, the origin of mercy & grandeur spreading everywhere.
Second line: I bow to the Yadava Sri Krishna, who is the moon's son & father, who freed Putana who sought to destroy him, and who pervades the universe.”
An अर्धभ्रम
verse on Devi that can be read both horizontally and vertically.
जय वेदनिधे देवि
यतिलालितयोगदे ।
वेलातीतोदारयोधे
दलितोर्मे सदातनि ॥
जय - victory to you, वेदनिधे - repository of Vedas, देवि - Goddess,यति-लालित-योग-दे - granting us a yogic state that saints aspire for
वेलातीत-उदार-योधे - the soldiers fighting in whose side are great beyond measure, दलित-ऊर्मे - she who has conqered the 6 mental infirmities, सदातनि - eternal
Meaning - Victory to you, O eternal Goddess, repository of Vedas, conferrer of the saint's yogic state, accompanied by soldiers who are great beyond measure, conquerer of the 6 mental infirmities
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Palindrome songs are called "மாலை மாற்று" ( maalai maatru ) in Tamil. Thiru Gnana Sambandar has sung several pathigam ( பதிகம் ) in maalai maatru.
Research: Nambi Sankaran
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In
राघवयादवीयम्, every poem (there are 30 poems in the work) conveys the story of Rama read one way and the story of Krishna, read the other way.
There is a work by Pingali Suranna called
राघवपाण्डवीयम् which uses uses श्लेषालङ्कर (puns) to convey both the stories of Ramayana and Mahabharata with the same poem i.e., every poem has two meanings and conveys two different stories simultaneously.
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When Rishi Patanjali was stopped by Nandi, he composed a song on Shiva without 'horns' & 'legs' called extended (dIrgham) syllable without Charana & Shringa,
teasing Nandi that he could worship Shiva without Nandi's help. This is the
Nataraja Stotram.
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Kalidasa once saw a statue of Vyasa. He poked his finger in the belly button, mocking Vyasa as Chaparadhara (one who uses a lot of Cha (meaning 'and') in his composition). His finger gets stuck & he gets posed a difficult Samskritam puzzle that he must solve without using Cha. With Kali's Ashirvadham, he solves it. His finger is unstuck & he leaves a wiser man.
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Further reading:
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