Tuesday, May 31, 2022

Exploring Gathi & negation in Samskritam

Gaccha in Samskritam means to Go.

Gathi means a place to go to or a destination.

Agathi with the negation: A means someone with nowhere to go to, a refugee. This becomes Agadhi in Tamizh.

Nirgathi with the negation: Nir also has a similar meaning, also meaning a hopeless situation.

Vi is a modifier sometimes enhancing or modifying or negating the meaning depending on the context. Mala means impurity or feces. Amala, Nirmala or Vimala mean pure, with no impurities. Nirmala becomes Nimalan in Tamizh, a name of Shiva in Manikkavacagar's Thirvasagam. Manikka is a Samskritam word for Ruby. Vacaga in Tamizh comes from the Samskritam Vachana, meaning speech or a poem.


Friday, May 20, 2022

The origin of the Vedas - a Tamizh story

The Tamizh people have their own unique story for the origin of the Vedas.

Once, Adi Sesha, bearing Vishnu, felt heavy. He asked Vishnu: "Lord, I'm feeling heavy. You must have a thought that I need to fulfil. What do I need to do?"

Vishnu replied: "Indeed, Adi Sesha. Go to Chidambaram immediately. You'll know what you need to do."

Adi Sesha goes as Patanjali (पतञ्जलि), in the form of a human as his upper body & a serpent as his lower body. He wears a Veshti that hides his tail. He goes erect in Bhujangasana to Chidambaram.

In Chidambaram, Shiva emerges as Nataraja & performs the Ananda Thandavam witnessed by a mesmerized Patanjali. The Vedas emerge from the Damaru & the dance. The dance ends. Patanjali has learned the Vedas.

What is learned has to be remembered, simplified & taught. This is called Jnanam, Smriti & Apohanam. If not passed down, the knowledge will be lost. Hence, teachers are the most important for a society to progress.

Patanjali collects many students. There is one condition: Patanjali will be behind a screen that must not be opened. The teaching starts.

One boy comes home & realizes that all his friends have left to learn from Patanjali. He rushes there. The teaching has started. He sits as well. But since he didn't get time to get ready, in some time, he needed to answer nature's call. He leaves. This distracts the other students.

The students now wonder how a single person seems to be talking in a thousand voices. One opens the screen. They see a thousand headed snake with poisonous breath. He quickly closes the screen but everyone has fainted.

The boy meanwhile rushes back after answering nature's call but hasn't washed his hands & legs properly. He is possessed by the Brahma Rakshasa. He stays & learns. Patanjali finishes the lesson, revives the boys & leaves.

Now, only one boy has learnt most of the Vedas. But he is highly irritable owing to the Brahma Rakshasa. If anyone comes to learn from him, he asks them three difficult questions. When they are unable to answer, he slaps them hard & they leave. Hence, there is no one willing to approach him.

Adi Sesha now decides to return in a new birth. He does Puja of Chidambaram Natarja with flowers untouched by even pollinators but his feet get injured climbing trees. He prays to Shiva for tiger feet for easy climbing of trees which Shiva grants, earning him the name of Vyaghrapadar (व्याघ्रपद).

Vyaghrapadar goes to the boy, who is now a grown up cranky man, to learn the Vedas. He answers the three questions correctly. (The person who told me this story forgot what those three questions were. If someone knows, please comment). He agrees to teach Vyaghrapadar. Vyaghrapadar has to act as a scribe & he will not be interrupted in teaching. Vyaghrapadar agrees.

The teaching starts. Vyagarapadar starts writing it down in leaves, as was the norm in those days. In Samskritam, leaves are called Patra. This is the root word for the Hindi Patrakar (journalist), Hindi Patrika or Tamizh Pathirikkai (newspaper). A feather would be used as a nib, dipped in ink & written. The leaves would be bound together. He runs out of ink. He slashes his own thighs & uses his blood as ink. A pile of leaves with writing forms behind him.

But a goat comes at that time. There is a Samskritam saying: "Aja Bhojanam, Gaja Snanam" meaning "Eat quickly like a goat. Bathe well like an elephant." The goat starts quickly eating the leaves while Vyagarapadar is busy writing.

The teaching is finished. As he has now chanted the Vedas, the Brahma Rakshasa leaves, and the teacher returns to normalcy losing his irritability. He blesses his sishya & leaves. Vyagarapadar now realizes in shock that the goat has been eating the leaves. He salvages the rest of the writings & continues teaching them. That is all that now remains of the Vedas.

In a fascinating parallel indicative of the goat eating the Vedas, Chamakam of the Krishna Yajur Veda is chanted by Daksha with a goat head, where many verses end with a May, like a goat's bleat.

The word for tiger in Tamizh is Puli (புலி). The Shiva temples that Vyagarapadar worshipped are called Puliyur (புலியூர்).

Thursday, May 19, 2022

How does propaganda work?

What are steps of propaganda?
  1. Simplify. Human brains struggle with complexity when multiple variables are involved (called a multi-variant problem). Simplify to we-good vs others-bad.
  2. Disfigure. Mock, ridicule, parody, label. 
  3. Transfusion. If people already believe in something, use that belief for your message.
  4. Unanimity. This view is the only correct one for all sane & right-thinking people. Use star performers, media, entertainment, academia to push the view. Use social pressure such as public shaming, surprise, disgust, consternation for doubters. Make expressing an alternate view require immense courage that most will retreat.
  5. Orchestration. Repeat the message in slightly different form, tone & style in media, academia & entertainment.
Who is involved?
  • Instigators & Strategists. Usually, behind the scenes, highly intelligent & powerful planners who set the narrative, for an agenda, usually for power, money, fame, conversion.
  • Agitators. People who are paid to spread the propaganda in media, academia or entertainment. Sometimes, people who are already mentally in tune.
  • Agents of influence. Well-meaning simple-minded people who consume & internalize what they read in media, academia & entertainment in a medium they trust. They then become unwittingly the foot soldiers of the movement.
The smartest people in propaganda can be found in politics & organized religion.

Recognize any of this?

- paraphrasing Norman Davies from his book "Europe: A History"

Monday, May 16, 2022

From Duryodhana to Kashi, Mathura, Ayodhya

Kautilya in the Artha Shastra defines the approaches (Upayas) in diplomacy as Saama (an equitable offer), Daana (an unilaterally generous offer), Bheda (debate) & as a last resort, Dhanda (use of force).

In a famous episode in the Mahabharata, Krishna made an offer of accepting 5 villages to give up rights over the kingdom. Duryodhana would reject this generous offer & declare that he would not give up even a needle prick of land.

An offer was made to give up rights on all demolished temples (an estimated 47000 chronicled so far) in return for just three most sacred sites: Ayodhya, Kashi & Mathura. In addition, for just the return of Ayodhya, was an offer to build 100 mosques. Some were not happy at this overly generous one-sided offer. They needn't have worried. This offer was rejected, much like Duryodhana's rejection. Subramanyam Swamy pointed out these similarities.
 
Imagine this in a just world: "We're not responsible for the atrocities that my ancestors committed in the name of my faith. For any demolished place of worship, please take it back. Some of us would provide a token amount for the reconstruction." Imagine the goodwill that this would generate & pave a way for harmonic pluralism. Per archaeologist KK Muhammad who excavated Ayodhya, the Communists scuttled a potential harmonious settlement.

The 'secular' Indian state would act like Duryodhana & pass the 'Places of Worship' law denying Hindus access to all destroyed places of worship except Ayodhya. Even for Ayodhya, ownership needed to be proved in court. Subramaniam Swamy pointed out that this act is unconstitutional since it violates the fundamental right to worship at a holy place which has legal priority. The Supreme court refused to attach the petition of fundamental rights in the context of Ayodhya & requested him to approach a different bench. The other legal loophole is the Ancient Monuments Act.

When faced with overwhelming evidence, one approach to maintain a favorable status quo & deny justice is: "If you can't convince, then confuse". This can be called the D approach: Deflect, Digress, Distract, Divert, Dodge, Deny, Delay. Public memory is short. Use these techniques to ride out the storm.

Wednesday, May 11, 2022

The five strengths - Vidura Neeti

The five strengths in order of weakest to strongest.

  1. Physical strength
  2. Strength of good advice from counsellors 
  3. Strength of wealth
  4. Strength of family, lineage & social capital
  5. Strength of intellect

balaṁ pañcavidhaṁ nityaṁ puruṣāṇāṁ nibodha me |

yattu bāhubalaṁ nāma kaniṣṭhaṁ balamucyate ||

amātyalābho bhadraṁ te dvitīyaṁ balamucyate |

dhanalābhastṛtīyaṁ tu balamāhurjigīṣavaḥ ||

yattvasya sahajaṁ rājan pitṛ paitā mahaṁ balam |

abhijātabalaṁ nāma taccaturthaṁ balaṁ smṛtam ||

yena tvetāni sarvāṇi saṅgṛhītāni bhārata |

yad balānāṁ balaṁ śreṣṭhaṁ tatprajñābalamucyate ||



Thursday, May 05, 2022

The interesting sound: Ja

Many languages in the world don't have the Ja sound. Ja is pronounced as Ha or Ya, such as in Spanish. In Indian languages, old Tamizh also doesn't have the Ja sound.

In English, the letter J was added to the alphabet only in 1524 by Gian Giorgio Trissino. Prior to this, Jesus was spelled Iesus.

The oldest language with this sound is possibly Samskritam. When other languages didn't even have the sound, Ja interestingly means born from or the beginning, derived from Janma. You'll find names in common use such as Shailaja / Girija (born from a mountain), Vanaja (born from a garden/forest), Jalaja (born out of water), Suja (good birth).

Wednesday, May 04, 2022

The eternal conflict

Chanakya in his Arthashastra says that there are fundamentally two systems: Matsya Nyaya (Fish law, big fish eats little fish, jungle law) & Dharma. Humans inherently feel that Matsya Nyaya is wrong in human society; they want to help the weak & poor. When systems are put in place to protect the weak & restrain the powerful, a civilization can thrive & think higher thoughts rather than just survival, where physically weak people can excel in other fields. This is Dharma (that which uplifts).

However, the powerful, when not restricted by Dharma, will repeatedly tend towards Matsya Nyaya. All human systems throughout history will be a mix of both systems. This conflict between Matsya Nyaya & Dharma is eternal. 

The Indus Valley Civilization shows no evidence of war over centuries, something that Cosmos Season 3 also mentions. Did they figure it out? 

https://pages.vassar.edu/realarchaeology/2017/09/22/no-interest-in-war-the-harappan-civilization/