- The Nyaya न्याय Darshana of Gautama Medatithi, Father of logic: Logic, justice, rule or method of reasoning.
- The Vaiseshika वैशेषिक Darshana of Kanada कणाद Kasyapa, Father of Atomism: Everything in the material world is comprised of a small indivisible particle (paramaanu: atoms).
- The Sankhya सांख्य Darshana of Kapila Kardama: Father of empirism: Everything is Purusha {spirit} & Prakriti {the material world}.
- The Yoga Darshana of Patanjali: The practice by which Samkya can be realized. Remove Prakriti through Yoga, realize Purusha. Patanjali's Ashtaanga Yoga {8-limbed Yoga} is a key text. Asanaas {postures} are one of the limbs of Yoga.
- The Mimamsa मीमांसा Darshana of Jaimini (also called Purva-Mimasa): The Jivatma are separate from the supreme {Paramatma} & should serve the divine. Many traditions of Bhakthi (devotion) Yoga fall under Purva Mimasa.
- The Vedanta वेदान्त Darshana of Badarayana (also called Uttara-Mimamsa): Everything will merge with the supreme. Advaita (non-duality: all is one) is a tradition that follows Uttara Mimamsa.
More philosophers/logicians:
- Charvaka-Atheism
- Tura Kavaseya-Early founder of Advaita
- Dignaga & Dharmakirti-Rigorous Baudhas
- Ganesa Upadhyay-Advanced Neo-Logic
- Akṣapāda Gautama-Father of both deduction & induction
- Pracetasa Manu-Earliest teacher of political philosophy
- Visnugupta Kautilya-Father of Economic thought
- Pāṇini Dākṣīputra-Father of linguistics
- Nāgārjuna-Creator of tetra valued logic
- Bhartṛhari-Sphoṭa theory of sound
References:
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